Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. African Dictators They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". [according to whom? Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. [1]:70. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. [8]:456. As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. Syria - Well, it depends. 1. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Photo: Lars Klove. Chad. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. 1. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. Albania - Communist Regime 3. Latin America's new generation of dictators. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. [8]:456, The second distinction made is whether the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. 2. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. China - Communist Regime 4. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [1]:71. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. Duterte is the perfect example of a . Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. Here is a list of the ten worst dictators that Africans have ever seen in their history. Also, dictatorships . When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The legislature must be popularly elected. Venezuela has a presidential government. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. The . [1]:70. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. He was a German legislator, organizer of Nazi party and furthermore filled in as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given.