Section 17 was "not intended to invalidate existing legislation which imposed a duty to bargain collectively with employees even though that obligation by reason of certain exemptions or exceptions was not in all respects coextensive with the rights of labor." Contrary to their allegations, plaintiffs were not expelled from the Union. at 10. teamsters local 456 . Your download is being prepared. After the grievance was denied, the union took the matter to arbitration, where the arbitrator ruled in favor of the union and ordered the city to increase all minimum salaries. In January 1997, a committee was formed to negotiate a collective bargaining agreement to succeed the agreement that had expired December 31, 1995. You have to know whats happening with clients, competitors, practice areas, and industries. 3044 n. 7 (1992) (noting that if the bargaining unit had been fashioned by agreement between the parties, the administrative law judge may have reached a different conclusion as to whether the union's demand to alter the bargaining unit that had been certified by the PERB violated its bargaining obligation). endstream endobj startxref ( Id. 1940). Members for A Better Union v. Bevona, 152 F.3d 58, 65 (2d Cir. Plaintiffs' twelfth cause of action alleges that "[t]he conduct of the Local 456 against the plaintiffs constituted a deprivation of plaintiffs' right to form, join and participate in any employee organization of their own choosing in violation of New York State Civil Service Law." LOCAL 456 160 S Central Avenue Elmsford, New York 10523 914-592-9500 Teamsters Local 456 represents workers in Westchester and Putnam Counties. . The Senior Assistant County Attorney title was included in the bargaining unit. Plaintiffs allege that defendant limited their right to institute an action in any court or administrative agency in violation of 101(a)(4) of the LMRDA, 29 U.S.C. ), On June 11, 1999, the County and the Union signed a Stipulation of Agreement. ( Id. For the reasons stated below, defendant's motion is granted, and plaintiffs' cross motion is denied. Although the state and its political subdivisions, including the County, are excluded from the definition of "employer" contained in section 2 of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. Law 201(7)(a); In the Matter of Lippman, 263 A.D.2d 891, 694 N.Y.S.2d 510 (1999), public employers and public employee unions have the right to alter by agreement the composition of their bargaining units. of Teamsters v. City of New York, 64 N.Y.2d 188, 196, 485 N.Y.S.2d 227, 474 N.E.2d 587 (1984). A private individual may be subject to liability under this section if he or she willfully collaborated with an official state actor in the deprivation of the federal right. Rule 56.1 Stmt. at 16.) Section 101(a)(4) of the LMRDA states in relevant part: "[n]o labor organization shall limit the right of any member thereof to institute an action in any court, or in a proceeding before any administrative agency. local #456 international brotherhood of teamsters july 1, 2014 - june 30, 20164 . By . Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c), the moving party is entitled to summary judgment if the "pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." EIN: 13-6804536. Albert Liberatore, Trustee Individual salaries will, of course, vary depending on the job, department, location, as well as the individual skills and education of each employee. One of our greatest strengths is the support and participation our active and retired members display with their continued involvement in our campaigns and political endeavors. ), During subsequent negotiation sessions, the County continued to insist on the exclusion of the Senior ACAs. at 114); deprivation of the right to join, form or participate in a labor organization, ( id. Plaintiffs allege that Local 456 failed to inform plaintiffs of their rights under the LMRDA, in violation of section 105 of the LMRDA, 29 U.S.C. at 123.) art. Here, it is undisputed that plaintiffs sent a letter to defendant requesting copies of documents relating to the negotiation of the new collective bargaining agreement. New York courts have recognized a dichotomy between state action, which is subject to scrutiny under the New York State Constitution, and private action, which is insulated from such scrutiny. at 22-23.) (Lucyk Aff. Defendant asserts that under section 204, the Union is authorized to remove job titles from a bargaining unit pursuant to agreement with the employer. finding that mere negotiation in the course of completing a collective bargaining agreement does not rise to the level of improper conspiracy", granting summary judgment on 1983 claim against a labor union where the complaint "fail[ed] to allege the existence of a conspiracy between the County and defendant Union", granting summary judgment to defendants on plaintiffs' New York duty of fair representation claim, noting that "the Union here represents county employees, and thus must be considered to be an adversary of the county government", reasoning that union defendant's "only 'collaboration' with the County arose from the negotiation of an agreement for the bargaining unit," "[m]ere negotiation in the course of completing a collective bargaining agreement does not rise to the level of an improper conspiracy," and "[i]n fact, the Union's role in relation to the County was adversarial. (Lucyk Aff. James J. McGrath, Trustee at 5.) Plaintiffs' reliance upon Brown v. State, 89 N.Y.2d 172, 652 N.Y.S.2d 223, 674 N.E.2d 1129 (1996), to support their contention that state action is not required for a violation of state constitutional provisions, is misplaced. Members | Teamsters Local 456 Meet the Executive Board/Business Agents Coming together from a wide variety of backgrounds, our Executive Board and Business Agents help shape the direction and mission of our organization as it continues to develop and adapt to the changing labor landscape. 26 "The rate per hour of the wages paid to said mechanics and apprentices, teamsters, chauffeurs and . As of Feb 21, 2023, the average annual pay for a Teamster in the United States is $67,528 a year. Therefore, defendant did not act under the color of state law, and cannot be subject to liability under section 1983. ( Id. Workers Local Union, 587 F.2d 1379, 1390-91 (9th Cir. Every construction worker deserves the wages and protections guaranteed by a union contract. (Lucyk Aff. ." 1983 and the 14th Amendment, alleging disparate treatment between plaintiffs and other members of the bargaining unit. Casetext, Inc. and Casetext are not a law firm and do not provide legal advice. DPW workers say they have not gotten paid for overtime hours worked since early December. 415. ( Id. 32, 34.) at 518. ." See Messman v. Helmke, 133 F.3d 1042, 1044 (7th Cir. RPS Principals Join Teamsters Local 592. In Badman v. Civil Service Employees Ass'n, the court stated: Here, just as the plaintiff in Badman failed to put forth any evidence in support of his allegations, plaintiffs only put forth the affidavit of their attorney in support of their allegations that Local 456 breached its duty of fair representation, and this affidavit admitted the statements in Lucyk's affidavit, with a few irrelevant exceptions. Finnegan v. Leu, 456 U.S. 431, 435-36, 102 S.Ct. Similarly, the Union here represents county employees, and thus must be considered to be an adversary of the county government. (Lucyk Aff., Ex. Teamsters Local 456 members, the proud essential service workers in the private sector you see everyday working hard during these difficult times to ensure our infrastructure is safe and secure for. FOIA Branch. See id. 1867, and is retrospective in nature. 2023 Center for Union Facts. 1983. (internal citation omitted). The Union, as the representative of its membership, and the employer, have the right to negotiate to redefine the bargaining unit. ( Id. Plaintiffs' fifth cause of action alleges that defendant's conduct constituted "a deprivation of plaintiffs' right to procedural protections prior to expulsion in violation of 101(a)(5) of the LMRDA, 29 U.S.C. Founded in 1946, Teamsters Local 456 is committed to our mission of organizing and educating workers. D. Failure to Advise of LMRDA Provisions. The Clerk of the Court shall enter judgment for defendant. (Am. CSL 209a(2). local 456 international brotherhood of teamsters. Plaintiffs also bring a cause of action pursuant to New York State law for breach of the duty of fair representation. 424. ( Id. On cross-motions for summary judgment, the standard is the same as that for individual motions. article topic page . 29 U.S.C. 2000). Teamsters News. at 6.) 27.) ( Id. Local 456 made several attempts to retain plaintiffs' title in the bargaining unit after the County submitted the proposal to remove plaintiffs from the bargaining unit. Local 456, Teamsters Download PDF National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions Aug 22, 1974 212 N.L.R.B. Id. 265 West 14th Street 1978); Broomer v. Schultz, 239 F. Supp. 212-924-0002 The claims for damages under the New York State Constitution that were sustained in Brown were against the state of New York. table of contents. Law360 provides the intelligence you need to remain an expert and beat the competition. Breach of Duty of Fair Representation. However, defendant has no duty under section 105 to advise or assist members of the Union. See In the Matter of Patrick T. Maddock, 29 N YP.E.R.B. Union-busters who try to use union salaries to attack unions should look in the mirror. This is the equivalent of $1,298/week or $5,627/month. art. The Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA), which is enforced by the Office of Labor-Management Standards, requires labor unions to file annual reports detailing their operations. However, plaintiffs assert that section 204 is not at issue in this case, but under sections 201(7)(a) and 214, plaintiffs could only be excluded from the bargaining unit if the PERB designated them as "managerial" or "confidential.". ( Id. 34.) I, 17. Plaintiffs also seek declaratory relief and compensatory damages as relief for this cause of action. Rule 56.1 Stmt. New York, finding alteration of bargaining unit did not violate 101 where excluded employees were not prevented from commencing litigation. If you want to see the LM-2 financial report for your local, click here, or contact the TDU office at 313-842-2600. Just in case you need a simple salary calculator, that works out to be approximately $32.47 an hour. at 27. Room 1201 Therefore, defendant is granted summary judgment on plaintiffs' twelfth cause of action. ( Id. In evaluating each motion, the court must look at the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Joseph Sansone, Secretary-Treasurer Section 1983 allows an individual to bring suit against persons who, under color of state law, have caused him to be "depriv[ed] of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws" of the United States. I took a free trial but didn't get a verification email. Hence, the threshold inquiry under the New York State Constitution is essentially whether the state has been sufficiently implicated in the challenged activity to transform such activity into state action. .," and this conduct constitutes a violation of LMRDA 101(a)(1) even though a subsequent vote of the membership ratified the agreement. Local 456 and Westchester County have negotiated three successive collective bargaining agreements which were effective for the two-year periods January 1, 1992 through December 31, 1993, January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1995 and January 1, 1996 through December 31, 2001. at 102.) T__D6K3GiGPH4aAji9wJnz"0 Tq~mCUq@YU1h iVt B@( `P`J@d` 0@d" (X034X4D !Z29IJp )ef& @HQ$3u$_iv 9+#0Delc9j],@m H20qKO|1w # YM 903, 17 L.Ed.2d 842 (1967). (Pls.Mem. It is well established that in order to state a claim under 1983, a plaintiff must allege (1) that the challenged conduct was attributable at least in part to a person acting under color of state law, and (2) that such conduct deprived the plaintiff of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States. ( Id. ( Id. Local 456 did not oppose exclusion of the Assistants to the County Executive and the Coordinator of Veteran Affairs. In the legal profession, information is the key to success. 7|PSqc However, it has long been established that, absent improper intent, a union does not breach the duty of fair representation by entering into an agreement which favors some employees over others. Plaintiffs allege, but do not support with any evidence, that members of the Union, including the negotiating team, may have acted out of self-interest because they were under investigation. local #456 international brotherhood of teamsters . Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. See O'Riordan v. Suffolk Chapter, Local No. 662, 88 L.Ed.2d 662 (1986); Gomez v. Toledo, 446 U.S. 635, 640, 100 S.Ct. The Organization represents its membership in securing employment, sustaining the standard of wages, resolving differences and maintaining harmony in employer/employee relationships and negotiating working conditions and benefits. The Union and the County may agree as to the composition of the bargaining unit, see Section V., supra, therefore the LMRDA was not violated by the County's, or the Union's, failure to have plaintiffs' job title designated "managerial" or "confidential.". 0 D.) Plaintiffs never requested information about the LMRDA's provisions, but instead immediately sought judicial relief, just as the plaintiffs in Stelling had. Local 456 is an organization of employees which exists for the purpose of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of employment. ( Id. . 411(a)(1). ku grad school application deadline; 2020 toyota camry trd edmonton; why do crickets chirp after rain; how many jordans did tinker hatfield design; beretta 92x performance grips 411(a)(4). at 17. As discussed above, plaintiffs admit, for the purposes of this motion, that all but two paragraphs in Lucyk's affidavit are true. Id. We are driven by a single goal; to do our part in making the workplace a better place for all and ensure we create the best environment to ensure a better life for our members. On July 30, 1999, plaintiffs filed a pre-action application in New York State Supreme Court to require the Union to preserve and produce documents pertaining to the negotiation of the agreement reached in 1999. 415. Local 456 is a Labor Union who believes that with a. Teamsters Local 456 | Elmsford NY The Center for Union Facts is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that fights for transparency and accountability in America's labor . See N.Y. CONST. Upon leave from this Court, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on May 11, 2000. at 20.) Make your practice more effective and efficient with Casetexts legal research suite. c. 149, sec. You will be notified when it is ready. %PDF-1.6 % See 587 F.2d at 1391 (noting that the plaintiffs failed to raise the issue with the union, and immediately sought judicial relief, while affirming district court's dismissal of section 105 claim). oaklawn park track records. Intl Brotherhood Of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen & Helpers Of Americalocal 456 pays an average salary of $3,419,400 and salaries range from a low of $2,945,765 to a high of $3,961,954. 64 N.Y.2d at 188-89, 485 N.Y.S.2d 227, 474 N.E.2d 587. Id. Here, plaintiffs were not designated "managerial" or "confidential," but their job titles were removed, upon agreement between the Union and the County and with the approval of the Union membership, from the bargaining unit. ( Id. Significant legal events involving law firms, companies, industries, and government agencies. 1996). 54.) 1 ii work day and work week 3 iii wages and premium pay 5 iv holidays 11 v vacations 12 vi sick leave 14 vii injury leave 16 . Plaintiffs' other state law claims allege the deprivation of property rights without due process, ( id. However, as discussed above, the County did not designate plaintiffs' job title as "managerial" or "confidential." Thank you Local 456 for standing up for these workers! Teamsters Local 456 represents workers in Westchester and Putnam Counties. Even if plaintiffs put forth evidence in support of these allegations, which they have failed to do, the negotiators' personal interests do not demonstrate that the Union, as an organizational entity, intended to punish plaintiffs by agreeing to remove them from the bargaining unit. of Teamsters, 120 F.3d 341, 348-49 (2d Cir. (Lisa F. Colin Aff.) McIntyre v. Longwood Central School District. Although the case law interpreting section 105 is limited, the provision is clear on its face. 2023, Portfolio Media, Inc. | About | Contact Us | Legal Jobs | Advertise with Law360 | Careers at Law360 | Terms | Privacy Policy | Cookie Settings | Help | Site Map, Teamsters Local 456 Pension, Health & Welfare, Annuity, Education & Training, Industry Advancement, and Legal Services Funds et al v. M. Velardo Enterprises, Inc. et al, Teamsters Local 456 Pension, Health & Welfare, Annuity, Education & Training, Industry Advancement, and Legal Services Funds by Louis A. Picani, Joseph Sansone, Dominick Cassanelli, Jr., Saul Singer, et al v. Koski Trucking, Inc. et al, Amalgamated Union Local 450-A Welfare Fund et al v. McKinsey & Company, Inc. et al. The Second Circuit has stated "[t]o be viable, a claim under 101(a)(1) must therefore allege the denial of some privilege or right to vote which the union has granted to others." ( Id. ( Id.). Many of Westchesters building trades workers are also members, including concrete drivers, paving workers, and building materials workers, and the local is a leader in the county building trades council. In Civil Service Bar Association, the union filed a grievance on behalf of all attorneys affected after the city hired an associate attorney at a salary $3,000 higher than the stated minimum salary for that position. What kinds of nonprofits do foundations support? . Therefore, even under New York's "more flexible State involvement requirement," plaintiffs' state constitutional due process claims fails for the same reasons their 1983 claims fail. at 23.). The equal protection clause in the New York State Constitution, N Y CONST. See Aviall, Inc. v. Ryder Sys., Inc., 913 F. Supp. The court focused on the union's motivation, and stated that "union action which adversely affects a member is discipline only when (1) it is undertaken under color of the union's right to control the member's conduct in order to protect the interests of the union or its membership, and (2) it directly penalizes him in a way which separates him from comparable members in good standing." hb```Nf&Ad`C@; . at 2.) The court found a violation of section 105 of the LMRDA and, without deciding how notice of the LMRDA need be given, suggested that "[e]ffective notice thus requires at a minimum that each individual, soon after obtaining membership, be informed about the provisions of the LMRDA." Although defendant is not a state actor, it may nonetheless be liable in an action under 1983 because "private parties conspiring with [a state official are] acting under color of state law. Plaintiffs allege that the Union breached its duty of fair representation by eliminating plaintiffs from the bargaining unit. Plaintiffs argue that the only way that the County could have removed them from the bargaining unit was by applying to the New York State Public Employment Relations Board ("PERB") to have their job titles deemed "confidential" or "managerial. (Pls. Plaintiffs, Senior Assistant County Attorneys ("Senior ACAs") of Westchester County, bring this action against defendant, Local 456, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, AFL-CIO ("Local 456" or the "Union"), pursuant to the United States and New York State Constitutions, and various state and federal labor laws. at 189, 485 N.Y.S.2d 227, 474 N.E.2d 587. 2023 Nonprofit Metrics LLCTerms of Service and Privacy Policy. Dominick Cassanelli Jr., Vice President Relevant sections of collective bargaining agreements between organized and management are being provided below as these agreements provide guidance to the Department when setting prevailing wage rates. This Brownfield Cleanup Program project, supported with our tax dollars, is using non-union contractor Titan Concrete. ( Id. Rule 56.1 Stmt. 1965), aff'd 356 F.2d 984 (3d Cir. ( Id. 5599 0 obj <>stream The Center for Union Facts is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that fights for transparency and accountability in Americas labor movement. International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local Union No 673, Teamsters Union Local 25 Affiliated with Ibt, International Brotherhood of teamsters Local 653 TCWH, International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 414, Teamsters - Teamster Food Processors Drivers Warehousemen and Helpers Local No 670, International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 777, Chief Operating Officer salaries at nonprofits. See, e.g., Rendell-Baker v. Kohn, 457 U.S. 830, 835, 102 S.Ct. ( Id. 1.) Denial of Equal Protection With Respect to Voting Rights, Plaintiffs also allege that defendant's conduct constituted discrimination against plaintiffs and in favor of others with respect to voting rights, in violation of section 101(a)(1) of the LMRDA, 29 U.S.C. endstream endobj 5586 0 obj <. . 1983. ), On October 29, 1997, the County and Local 456 reached a Stipulation of Agreement that provided that the County would not seek to have any of the positions or persons in the bargaining unit designated as managerial or confidential. International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local Union No 456 is child organization, under the parent exemption from. (Lucky Aff. ( Id. 5594 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3DAA58F5827514429DEEAAAFEEBD552C>]/Index[5585 15]/Info 5584 0 R/Length 62/Prev 839394/Root 5586 0 R/Size 5600/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 83.) II. 1997). ( Id. Call for hours and availability. The Public Employees' Fair Employment Act confirms the duty of fair representation imposed upon public sector unions. D'Amico v. City of New York, 132 F.3d 145, 149 (2d Cir. Like the plaintiffs in Breininger, plaintiffs here allege that the Union negotiators were self-dealing and protecting their own job titles. See Stelling v. International Bhd. SHAD Alliance v. Smith Haven Mall, 66 N.Y.2d 496, 505, 488 N.E.2d 1211, 1217, 498 N.Y.S.2d 99, 105 (1985) (citations omitted); see also Sharrock, 45 N.Y.2d at 157, 408 N.Y.S.2d at 45, 379 N.E.2d 1169 (state action exists where State delegates "one of the essential attributes of sovereignty"). The County was represented by Michael Wittenberg, Director of Labor Relations. Room 1201 386 U.S. 171, 190, 87 S.Ct. at 56.) at 914-15. On July 30, 1999, plaintiffs filed, by order to show cause, a pre-action application in state court requiring Local 456 to preserve and/or disclose any records regarding the negotiations leading up to the execution of the new collective bargaining agreement. at 14.). ( Id. 212-691-7074, A Year of Progress for New York Teamsters, Local 456 protests Mill Creek development, Local 456 Rallies for Good Construction Jobs, TEMP Act to Protect Workers from Extreme Heat, Governor Hochul Blocks E-Commerce Project, Saves Freeport Park, New York Heating Workers Approve Citywide Union Contract with Big Raises. According to Lucyk's affidavit, the only evidence put forth in this case, the County wanted to remove several titles from the bargaining unit, including the Senior ACAs. Plaintiffs' tenth cause of action alleges a violation of their right to form, join or participate in a labor organization as guaranteed by the New York State Constitution. Already a subscriber? According to the Court, such a breach "occurs only when a union's conduct toward a member of the collective bargaining unit is arbitrary, discriminatory, or in bad faith." 1966). Here, plaintiffs admit that every member of the bargaining unit received a letter from the president of the Union advising them of the ratification vote for the collective bargaining agreement, and attaching a copy of the agreement. at 23. B. Therefore, plaintiffs' claim pursuant to the equal protection clause of the New York State Constitution also fails for lack of state action. at 15.) Every construction worker deserves the wages and protections guaranteed by a union contract. 83.) Here, the County played an adversarial role in the negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement with defendant. Joseph Sansone Secretary-Treasurer Louis A Picani President United States District Court, S.D. ( Id. 1908, 68 L.Ed.2d 420, (1981), overruled in part on other grounds, Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S. 327, 106 S.Ct. The Local 282 Trust Funds Participant Portal provides access to information on-demand, 24/7 to some of the most common benefit inquiries. Local 456, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, is a labor organization having as a primary purpose the improvement of wages, hours and other conditions of employment of municipal employees. at 28.) Union of Operating Engrs. the town . The Docket Activity list does not reflect all actions in this case. Robert C. Richardson, Trustee, 265 West 14th Street 6, 493 U.S. 67, 92 n. 15, 110 S.Ct. 29 U.S.C. Manuli said what's currently on the table in negotiations would not include retroactive pay raises for the past two. 1974) Copy Citation Unable to load document We were unable to load this document's text. at 32.) local 456 teamsters wages. 212-924-0002 Founded in 1946, Teamsters Local 456 is committed to our mission of organizing and educating workers. (Am. The letter requested copies of documents pertaining to the negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement. ( Id. 1598, 26 L.Ed.2d 142 (1970). Teamsters Joint Council 39 Endorses Janet Protasiewicz for Wisconsin Supreme Court. i . Notes: This listing include all Teamster officials and staff professionals with a total 2019 salary over $150,000. Further, plaintiffs put forth no evidence of any concert of action between the County and defendant beyond the negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement. ( Id.) Plaintiffs have chosen to seek resolution of their grievances in this court and in New York state court. Kress Co., 398 U.S. 144, 150, 90 S.Ct. Workers at FCC Environmental Services in Dallas Join Teamsters. The Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS) requires unions to report how they spent their money in a number of categories. For the first five, OLMS requires unions to provide detailed information on any recipient that received more than $5,000 per year. WESTCHESTER TEAMSTERS MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES WELFARE FUND LOCAL 456. Check your network connection and try again. Law360 may contact you in your professional capacity with information about our other products, services and events that we believe may be of interest.Youll be able to update your communication preferences via the unsubscribe link provided within our communications.We take your privacy seriously. Limitation of Right to Sue. (Pls.Mem. ", McGovern v. Local 456, Intern. All of the members' questions were answered. In Philadelphia Fraternal Order of Correctional Officers v. Rendell, No. Plaintiffs also allege that members of the negotiating team for the Union acted in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner because some of the members had jobs that were more managerial than those of plaintiffs, but retained their position in the bargaining unit while eliminating plaintiffs' job titles. Questions are welcome. Defendant and this Court have interpreted both of these claims as allegations of a violation of article 1, section 17, of the New York State Constitution, which states in relevant part: "Employees shall have the right to organize and to bargain collectively through representatives of their choosing." Cunningham v. Local 30, Int. Program areas at International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local Union No 456. 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It looks like nothing was found at this location. Individual pay rates will, of course, vary depending on the job, department, location, as well as the individual skills and education of each employee. 92-93.) Roy Barnes, P.C., Elmsford, NY, for defendant, Wendell V. Shepherd, Adrienne C. Paule, of counsel. In Vaca v. Sipes, the Supreme Court established the standard for determining when the duty of fair representation is violated.