The surface films are generally stable in the pH range of about 4,5 - 8. ��.3\����r���Ϯ�_�Yq*���©�L��_�w�ד������+��]�e�������D��]�cI�II�OA��u�_�䩔���)3�ѩ�i�����B%a��+]3='�/�4�0C��i��U�@ёL(sYf����L�H�$�%�Y�j��gGe��Q�����n�����~5f5wug�v����5�k��֮\۹Nw]������m mH���Fˍe�n���Q�Q��`h����B�BQ�-�[l�ll��f��jۗ"^��b���O%ܒ��Y}W�����������w�vw����X�bY^�Ю�]�����W�Va[q`i�d��2���J�jGէ������{�����׿�m���>���Pk�Am�a�����꺿g_D�H��G�G��u�;��7�7�6�Ʊ�q�o���C{��P3���8!9������-?��|������gKϑ���9�w~�Bƅ��:Wt>���ҝ����ˁ��^�r�۽��U��g�9];}�}��������_�~i��m��p���㭎�}��]�/���}������.�{�^�=�}����^?�z8�h�c��' 2�v�o&�u!Mm��ޡQ�x��@��"�G�,�>��A�$���i�n�)=����i�w��8{t���9��F��N�~ o�0� endstream endobj 143 0 obj [/ICCBased 148 0 R] endobj 144 0 obj [/ICCBased 147 0 R] endobj 145 0 obj <> endobj 146 0 obj <> endobj 147 0 obj <>stream ��'o��o��X�z��H:@� z�4"mBڊ�B�!W�b�5�7��!��4��H�f3^��7'�D{��+ć?�� �7�ˢ|��^������k���H�6�>�wT�*��W��Z���`;��"/A�B�4i#��`�ͳ�N. Creep of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys 26 pages, 20 Figures Advanced Level I Prepared by S.Spigarelli INFM/Department of Mechanics, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy Objectives: This chapter constitutes an introduction to creep and to the creep response of Aluminium and its alloys. 0000001481 00000 n They are manufactured by a sequence of hot, then cold, form-ing operations (rolling for sheets) combined with intermediate and/or final annealing. hÞìY͎Û8¾û)x´1[¤þgOIg&H€Ù`¦½ØC2Y¦mNôãåv¼¯±äæ2ϸ_‘´-w+™,°‡Á"m ­–ŠõóÕWÅ¢ú~r󳪊^?¨Û¶j;]«¾Ó%ë4›Üܚ„•† û1e3¹yu'ØÆLDr)Y*¹ÈRÆ Áâ(ãa³NM֓‹ÉÍ´n±ž„!øœ®EñzXœÇ. 2 THE OXIDE FILM 5 Two classes of alloys may be considered. Revision Date: 09/20/2018 Date of Issue: 10/28/2014 Version: 2.0 SECTION 09/20/2018 EN (English US) 1/18 1: IDENTIFICATION 1.1. Aluminum alloy test pieces, 40 mm (1.6 in.) ĪYir��.�h��&9����HmSu�bS�*b���^����ztB��� ����Ηرd������2�mJp/ ]�x�Aإ���QPPP��I ʄp���\`0[t0�9�`AZX�����G8^���AI*��� 3��,(V�$�Pˈ�f�XZ����D��r��P�1�"D;]#:(Ie@�����9�X,������b�>0n5g�:����5$�3�s13q�H�i�� ���+��,�?�+\"�& �Y �,����6�% �` A��~ endstream endobj 140 0 obj <> endobj 141 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 142 0 obj <>stream China GB/T3190 Aluminium und Aluminiumknetlegierungen I Wrought aluminium and aluminiu m alloys ISO ISO 209-1 Reinaluminium und Aluminiumknetlegierungen I Unalloyed aluminium and aluminium alloys . 0000006276 00000 n Although aluminium compounds have been used for thousands of years, aluminium metal was first produced around 170 years ago. 0000005397 00000 n d���������e���7�ޔo��,˖.�M,��HD��p�b"�B*!t���b�k����+�Y��v]���\y���n�,zy������,�~sQ���e(��.\vM�:��_v墙���P����t���>�]5c��l�۟�׋5,�^o8�r�⥳;��B̿%��_:�9��M?�� F��I%y�� #*)!� ���s��k~_�O��ާ�O�W��2���G�V؝����)�wt�Q���K�h�o�{�A�K�P���qz%�,^����{�D�[K�}s�TD�"1��9��#J9��Z��������!����ǐ/Bځt I&ӥ��W!5"�@:��&����ni���H:)G This publication will be invaluable to engineers,designers and students unfamiliar with the variety of aluminum alloys and to those faced with an alloy selection decision.It outlines many of the issues to consider in selecting an alloy for a specific application and environment. x�}`TE��̼�����fKʆ�� �@$�� � M�P�T���`ǂ,I�P��)�g��N�Sl�a=Q~� We shall not lay much. Good fluidity ! All of these are used to increase the strength of pure aluminium. Impurity levels ! x�T�k�P��e���:g >h�ndStC��kW��Z�6�!H��m\��$�~�ًo:�w�>�كo{� �a���"L�"���4M'S������9'��^��qZ�/USO�������^C+�hM��J&G@Ӳy���lt�o߫�c՚�� ��5�"�Y�i\�t�։�15��LsX� g8oc�ግ#�f45@� ��B:K�@8�i�� �΁�'&��.���s��_���雭��m�N�|��9}p�� ��?_�A��pX6�5~B�$�&���ti��e��Y)%$�bT�3li�������P���4�43Y���P��1���KF����ۑ��5>�)�@����r��y������[�:V���ͦ#��wQ?HB��d(��Ba�cĪ�L"J��itTy�8�;(���Gx�_�^�[�������%׎��ŷ��Q���麲�ua��n�7��m�Q���H^e�O�Q�u6�S��u�2��%vX���^�*l A1�v�jp ԁz�N�6p\W� p�G@ 0 èBV O�—����ޭˀq,>��S���%�L��d����B���1CZ��$M��9��P'w����\/����]����.r#���E|!�3�>_�o�a�۾�d�1Z�ӑ���z���'�=������~V+��cjJ�tO %mN�����|��-���bW�O+ 4�.0,` �3p� ��H�.Hi@�A>� in width and breadth and 50 mm (2 in.) aluminum alloys. The alloys of aluminium, which can thus be divided into three groups, are very numerous, and there can be no question of considering them all. 2 Ausgabe I Edition: 2016-11 Aluminium-Werkstoff-Datenblatt EN AW-1050 EN AW-AI99 5 4. lleclulnlsche Eigenschaften / lleclulnlcal EN485-2 Bänder, Blache, Platten, Tall 2: Machanisehe … %PDF-1.4 %���� In each group we shall study the ones which seem the most interesting—those in which aluminium plays an important part. Grain size ! in height, were exposed in a furnace to a stabi-lied temperature of 750 C (1380 F) for a period of more than 10 min. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <> endobj 277 0 obj <> endobj 278 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 279 0 obj <> endobj 280 0 obj <> endobj 281 0 obj <> endobj 282 0 obj <> endobj 283 0 obj [/ICCBased 292 0 R] endobj 284 0 obj <> endobj 285 0 obj <> endobj 286 0 obj <> endobj 287 0 obj <> endobj 288 0 obj <> endobj 289 0 obj <>stream � endstream endobj 149 0 obj <>stream 0000000536 00000 n 0000001713 00000 n Melting and pouring practices ! xii ALUMINIUM AND ITS ALLOYS stress upon those in which aluminium is of minor import-ance. 0000001272 00000 n 139 0 obj <> endobj xref 139 12 0000000016 00000 n Exposed to oxygen or to an oxidising environment, aluminium and its alloys have excellent resistance to corrosion. Low solubility of gases except H2 ! 0000001750 00000 n STRAIN HARDENING ALLOYS These alloys belong to the 1000, 3000, 5000 and 8000 series (8). Cast aluminium alloys Properties required for good casting ! 0000002690 00000 n �,�����R�ֺ�\�Q��b��o���aC��dg���cYw0);����Z���^�"�c���2 �g700X�7ݛ?�Y��{�[��ٺ� d���U��B��5yJ8RU^j�ԉNx���)ϠB��S&-y��܈�hR���lk;�4�,�^pu�V�K�G��Z~�%RK6f������BrG�b_c\��aA�:��o�l�m��]@ˏ槪v��|A���v�Ñ ��]��n��K�Yr 7Ǣ��B)��0^��#�!e�$E^�4i:�F�-H:ю�,BZ�t ���h����R���|�(Z�_�G\��^N��-Sj���q�r��l��f�˲�=�d���l�,�ӈ����}�{%/�E�#�� �SJ�d��! Additions may be made in accordance with the rules outlined in the Declaration of Accord printed on page 31, and alloys will be deleted when no longer in commercial use (see table of inactive alloys printed on pages 22-23). High solidification shrinkage (3.5-8.5%) Factors controlling properties ! H����sT�6?M[�*>��\��J����M Introduction to Aluminium and its alloys. The effect of strain hardening is to modify the structure of the material by plastic … Aluminum alloys are economical in many applications. Many of its uses depend on this very property. [7A�\�SwBOK/X/_�Q�>Q�����G�[��� �`�A�������a�a��c#����*�Z�;�8c�q��>�[&���I�I��MS���T`�ϴ�k�h&4�5�Ǣ��YY�F֠9�=�X���_,�,S-�,Y)YXm�����Ěk]c}džj�c�Φ�浭�-�v��};�]���N����"�&�1=�x����tv(��}�������'{'��I�ߝY�)� Σ��-r�q�r�.d.�_xp��Uە�Z���M׍�v�m���=����+K�G�ǔ����^���W�W����b�j�>:>�>�>�v��}/�a��v���������O8� � ��K0ށi���A����B�ZyCAP8�C���@��&�*���CP=�#t�]���� 4�}���a � ��ٰ;G���Dx����J�>���� ,�_“@��FX�DB�X$!k�"��E�����H�q���a���Y��bVa�bJ0՘c�VL�6f3����bձ�X'�?v 6��-�V`�`[����a�;���p~�\2n5��׌���� �&�x�*���s�b|!� Aluminium is the world’s most abundant metal and is the third most common element, comprising 8% of the earth’s crust. o�^�I�H�.�;���S�]�i_s9�*p����.7U^��s.�3u� �|^,��V��t. PDF | The paper presents a short survey of the application and mechanical properties of aluminium alloys. E�6��S��2����)2�12� ��"�įl���+�ɘ�&�Y��4���Pޚ%ᣌ�\�%�g�|e�TI� ��(����L 0�_��&�l�2E�� ��9�r��9h� x�g��Ib�טi���f��S�b1+��M�xL����0��o�E%Ym�h�����Y��h����~S�=�z�U�&�ϞA��Y�l�/� �$Z����U �m@��O� � �ޜ��l^���'���ls�k.+�7���oʿ�9�����V;�?�#I3eE妧�KD����d�����9i���,�����UQ� ��h��6'~�khu_ }�9P�I�o= C#$n?z}�[1 Product Form: Mixture. ߏƿ'� Zk�!� $l$T����4Q��Ot"�y�\b)���A�I&N�I�$R$)���TIj"]&=&�!��:dGrY@^O�$� _%�?P�(&OJEB�N9J�@y@yC�R �n�X����ZO�D}J}/G�3���ɭ���k��{%O�חw�_.�'_!J����Q�@�S���V�F��=�IE���b�b�b�b��5�Q%�����O�@��%�!BӥyҸ�M�:�e�0G7��ӓ����� e%e[�(����R�0`�3R��������4�����6�i^��)��*n*|�"�f����LUo�՝�m�O�0j&jaj�j��.��ϧ�w�ϝ_4����갺�z��j���=���U�4�5�n�ɚ��4ǴhZ�Z�Z�^0����Tf%��9�����-�>�ݫ=�c��Xg�N��]�.

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