Kashmiri (English: / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər i /) or Koshur (English: / k ɜː ʃ u r /; कॉशुर, كٲشُر), is a language from the Dardic subgroup of Indo-Aryan languages, spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris, primarily in the Indian territory of Jammu and Kashmir.There are also speakers in parts of the neighbouring Pakistani territory of Azad Kashmir.. Kashmiri (English: /kæʃˈmɪəri/)[7] or Koshur (कॉशुर, كٲشُر, /kəːʃur/)[8] is a language from the Dardic subgroup of Indo-Aryan languages, spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris, primarily in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Along with other regional languages mentioned in the Sixth Schedule, as well as Hindi and Urdu, the Kashmiri language is to be developed in the state. [14] It was a part of the eighth Schedule in the constitution of the Jammu and Kashmir. Jump to phrases. The 2002 version of the proposal is shown below:[32] This version has readers & more content available on the Internet, even though this is an older proposal[33][34]. Kashmiri is an Indo-Aryan language and is popularly known as Koshur. Tense, along with certain distinctions of aspect, is formed by the addition of suffixes to the verb stem (minus the infinitive ending - /un/), and in many cases by the addition of various modal auxiliaries. [40], Kashmiri nouns are inflected according to gender, number and case. Bhatt, Rajesh (2007). It was a part of the eighth Schedule in the constitution of the Jammu and Kashmir. Zakharyin, Boris (2015). Find all videogalleries including political news, current affairs and news headlines online on Oregano Essential Oils today. [46], Other case distinctions, such as locative, instrumental, genitive, comitative and allative, are marked by postpositions rather than suffixation. In addition, there is also included a glossary of select terms used in this manual, and suggestions for further readings on the Kashmiri language, culture and history. Along with other regional languages mentioned in the Sixth Schedule , as well as Hindi and Urdu, the Kashmiri language is to be developed in the state. [38] TA relatively small group of feminine nouns have unique suppletion forms that are totally different from the corresponding masculine forms. There are five cases in Kashmiri: nominative, dative, ergative, ablative and vocative. ... Kashmiri Woman Alleges Assault by Landlady in Delhi over 'Rent Dispute' Why Hate for Tanishq? Notably, many words borrowed from Urdu have different genders in Kashmiri.[41]. [39] Several of Kashmiri's grammatical features distinguish it from other Indo-Aryan languages. "Ergativity in Indo-Aryan Languages". [68], There are two kinds of adjectives in Kashmiri, those that agree with their referent noun (according to case, gender and number) and those that are not declined at all. Together with basil, it contributes much to the distinctive character of many Italian dishes. The central vowels are typically transcribed ⟨ạ⟩ and ⟨u’⟩ when transliterating Arabic script, ⟨ö⟩ and ⟨ü⟩ when transliterating Nagari. [20], There are three orthographical systems used to write the Kashmiri language: the Sharada script, the Devanagari script and the Perso-Arabic script. (ا) U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF (Medial & Final), U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH (Final & Isolate), ( ٚ) U+065A ARABIC VOWEL SIGN SMALL V ABOVE combined with (ے) U+06D2 ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE. Get complete info about Manali Leh Bike tours including Motorcycle trip to Ladakh routes/maps, photos, videos, detailed Bike Trip itinerary. [50], Present tense in Kashmiri is an auxiliary construction formed by a combination of the copula and the imperfective suffix -/aːn/ added to the verb stem. These spice mixes, especially the ones that are specific to a dish, don’t really have a corresponding English name except for translating that dish into English. The second part gives Kashmiri equivalents for English words. Get all the latest Videos and updates on Oregano Essential Oils only on News18.com. As with future tense, these forms agree with both the subject and direct object in person and number. wʲakaːr tɨ hokuːk t͡ʃʰi hiwiː . The minimum order value of oregano powder buyers on ExportHub is 5.5 USD while the maximum Order Value is 1547 USD. Poguli and Rambani predominate in the Ramban valley, while Kishtwari is a highly distinctive variety which is considered by some to be a separate language altogether, Most Kashmiri speakers use Urdu or English as a second language. The total business generated in oregano powder category is 340008 USD last month. e-Baqala.com is an online platform created by Al-Hakimi Supermarket (Shuwaikh) to simplify the grocery shopping experience for our valued customers.. [43] Case is expressed via suffixation of the noun. It is mainly spoken by the Kashmiri Pandits and the Gujjar population of Kashmir. Kashmiri utilizes an ergative-absolutive case structure when the verb is in simple past tense. Remote past refers to actions that lack this in-built perfective aspect. [58] Transitive verbs are declined according to the following paradigm:[59], As in the simple past, "special intransitive" verbs take a different set of endings in the indefinite and remote past:[60], Regular intransitive verbs also take a different set of endings in the indefinite and remote past, subject to some morphophonetic variation:[61], Future tense intransitive verbs are formed by the addition of suffixes to the verb stem:[62], The future tense of transitive verbs, however, is formed by adding suffixes that agree with both the subject and direct object according to number, in a complex fashion:[63], There are two main aspectual distinctions in Kashmiri, perfective and imperfective. Similarly, sahit (meaning 'including' or 'with') corresponds to sost in Kashmiri. The second most spoken language of Kashmir is Hindi. BRAJ B. KACHRU timan t͡ʃʰu soːt͡ʃ samad͡ʒ ataː karnɨ aːmut tɨ timan pazi bəːj baraːdəriː hɨndis d͡ʒazbatas tahat akʰ əkis akaːr bakaːr jun /. The Indo-European root for this is reconstructed as *eǵHom, which is preserved in Sanskrit as aham and in Avestan Persian as azam. [23] Among languages written in the Perso-Arabic script, Kashmiri is one of the scripts that regularly indicates all vowel sounds. You will easily find locals conversing in English in Kashmir, especially the businessmen, guides, etc. [9] Most Kashmiri speakers are located in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of Jammu and Kashmir. [80] For 'fire', a traditional Hindu uses the word اۆگُن /ogun/ while a Muslim more often uses the Arabic word نار /naːr/. There have been a few versions of the devanagari script for Kashmiri[31]. The following lines provide more information about the major languages spoken in Kashmir: Kashmiri Majority of the population in Kashmir speaks. A collection of useful phrases in Kashmiri, an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in India and Pakistan. Other common languages of Kashmir valley are Urdu, Hindi and English. (2006). The most dominant of all Kashmir languages is the native Kashmiri language. [70] The declinable adjective endings are provided in the table below, using the adjective /wɔzul/ ("red"):[71][72], Among those adjectives not declined are adjectives that end in -lad or -a, adjectives borrowed from other languages, and a few isolated irregulars. maa). names in English, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam. This includes the word-form yodvai (meaning if), which is mainly found in Vedic Sanskrit texts. [73], Within the Kashmir language, numerals are separated into cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers. Meaning:- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. However, in languages such as Modern Persian, Baluchi, Hindi and Punjabi, the distinct nominative form has been entirely lost and replaced with m- in words such as ma-n and mai. [57], In contrast to the simple past, verb stems are unchanged in the indefinite and remote past, although the addition of the tense suffixes does cause some morphophonetic change. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India. [1] Since November 2008, the Kashmiri language has been made a compulsory subject in all government schools in the Valley up to secondary level.
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