M. Jaime et al. New Age International, 2006, ISBN: 9788122417722. UO2 of nuclear grade purity sup- [3] Models consistent with these measurements show the melt to consist mainly of UO6 and UO7 polyhedral units, where roughly 2⁄3 of the connections between polyhedra are corner sharing and 1⁄3 are edge sharing.[3]. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It is used in nuclear fuel rods in nuclear reactors. Fuel rods are base element of a fuel assembly. The surface of the tube, which covers the pellets, is called fuel cladding. J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1. Thermal expansion measurements of three pellets for UO 2 and UO 2-5 vol% Mo were carried out, respectively. Clarendon Press; 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978-0198520467, G.R.Keepin. K. O. Ott, R. J. Neuhold, Introductory Nuclear Reactor Dynamics, American Nuclear Society, 1985, ISBN: 0-894-48029-4. Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. It is reported that the thermal expansion of lanthanide-added uranium dioxide varies with the concentration of lanthanide. This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. Urania-based ceramic glazes are dark green or black when fired in a reduction or when UO2 is used; more commonly it is used in oxidation to produce bright yellow, orange and red glazes. for degradation of volatile organic compounds in gaseous phase, oxidation of methane to methanol, and removal of sulfur from petroleum. Another investigated application is in photoelectrochemical cells for solar-assisted hydrogen production where UO2 is used as a photoanode. It is possible to determine with a Geiger counter if a glaze or glass produced before 1958 contains urania. Its intrinsic conductivity at room temperature is about the same as of single crystal silicon.[9]. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. D. L. Hetrick, Dynamics of Nuclear Reactors, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 0-894-48453-2. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer; 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-0412985317, W.S.C. The vibrations of atoms are not independent of each other, but are rather strongly coupled with neighboring atoms. May 2016. We assume no responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of information from this website. Use of depleted uranium oxide is necessary for this reason. [8], The band gap of uranium dioxide is comparable to those of silicon and gallium arsenide, near the optimum for efficiency vs band gap curve for absorption of solar radiation, suggesting its possible use for very efficient solar cells based on Schottky diode structure; it also absorbs at five different wavelengths, including infrared, further enhancing its efficiency. The solid is isostructural with (has the same structure as) fluorite (calcium fluoride), where each U is surrounded by eight O nearest neighbors in a cubic arrangement. In solids, atoms vibrate about their equilibrium positions (crystal lattice). Experimental 2.1. UO2 displays a linear magnetostriction that changes sign with the sign of the applied magnetic field, and magnetoelastic memory switching at magnetic fields near 180,000 Oe. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 3. A Schottky diode of U3O8 and a p-n-p transistor of UO2 were successfully manufactured in a laboratory. At sufficiently high temperatures kph ∝ 1/T. Phonons play a major role in many of the physical properties of condensed matter, like thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. We calculate the thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus, heat capacity and thermal conductivity of UO2. U.S. Department of Energy, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Comparison of these results with experiment shows varying levels of agreement. McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. Published experimental data relating to the thermal expansion, between 291 K and the melting temperature, of stoichiometric UO2, UO2 + x and mixed (U, Pu) … This reaction plays an important part in the creation of nuclear fuel through nuclear reprocessing and uranium enrichment. In particular, diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity (k = 1000 W/m.K) of any bulk material. Principles of Biochemical Toxicology. The Seebeck coefficient of uranium dioxide at room temperature is about 750 µV/K, a value significantly higher than the 270 µV/K of thallium tin telluride (Tl 2 SnTe 5) and thallium germanium telluride (Tl 2 GeTe 5) and of bismuth - tellurium alloys, other materials promising for thermoelectric power generation applications and Peltier elements. In 1958 the military in both the US and Europe allowed its commercial use again as depleted uranium, and its use began again on a more limited scale. [citation needed], Depleted uranium dioxide can be also used as a catalyst, e.g. Our data show a thermal expansion that is systematically slightly higher than standard reference data , , which are based on measurements that are now 25 years old. Glasstone, Sesonske. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. Prior to 1960, it was used as yellow and black color in ceramic glazes and glass. For nonmetallic solids, k is determined primarily by kph, which increases as the frequency of interactions between the atoms and the lattice decreases. [6] Orange-colored Fiestaware is a well-known example of a product with a urania-colored glaze. IAEA-THPH, IAEA, Vienna, 2008. Prior to the realisation of the harmfulness of radiation, uranium was included in false teeth and dentures, as its slight fluorescence made the dentures appear more like real teeth in a variety of lighting conditions. The uncertainty of this correlation is +10% in the range from 298.15 to 2000 K and +20% in the range from 2000 to 3120 K. Godfrey et al. [7], The use of uranium dioxide as a material for rechargeable batteries is being investigated. The quanta of the crystal vibrational field are referred to as ‘‘phonons.’’ A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids. UO2 is used mainly as nuclear fuel, specifically as UO2 or as a mixture of UO2 and PuO2 (plutonium dioxide) called a mixed oxide (MOX fuel), in the form of fuel rods in nuclear reactors. The uncertainty of this correlation is +10% in the range from 298.15 to 2000 K and +20% in the range from 2000 to 3120 K. Special reference: Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants/Handbook ed. Uranium oxide (urania) was used to color glass and ceramics prior to World War II, and until the applications of radioactivity were discovered this was its main use. FOREWORD The IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the Establishment of a Thermo-physical Properties Database for Light Water Reactors (LWRs) and Heavy Water Reactors (HWRs) started in 1999. List of Thermal Expansion Coefficients (CTE) for Natural and Engineered Materials. The electrochemistry of uranium dioxide has been investigated in detail as the galvanic corrosion of uranium dioxide controls the rate at which used nuclear fuel dissolves. J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983). A 2.7^ enriched UO2 of 97^ theoretical density gave the empirical formula of UO2 thermal conductivity between 970°K and 2020°K as K = (0.0227T + 3.38)'^ + 6.6 x lO'^^T^ W/cm-°K (1) Special reference: Thermophysical Properties of Materials For Nuclear Engineering: A Tutorial and Collection of Data. The thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide is very low when compared with metal uranium, uranium nitride, uranium carbide and zirconium cladding material. 2. The batteries could have high power density and potential of 4.7 V per cell. The Seebeck coefficient of uranium dioxide at room temperature is about 750 µV/K, a value significantly higher than the 270 µV/K of thallium tin telluride (Tl2SnTe5) and thallium germanium telluride (Tl2GeTe5) and of bismuth-tellurium alloys, other materials promising for thermoelectric power generation applications and Peltier elements. E. E. Lewis, W. F. Miller, Computational Methods of Neutron Transport, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 0-894-48452-4. Uranium dioxide, like U3O8, is a ceramic material capable of withstanding high temperatures (about 2300 °C, in comparison with at most 200 °C for silicon or GaAs), making it suitable for high-temperature applications like thermophotovoltaic devices. Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (UO2), also known as urania or uranous oxide, is an oxide of uranium, and is a black, radioactive, crystalline powder that naturally occurs in the mineral uraninite. Sample preparation. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights.
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