With these one hundred poems Alurista created a highly original poetics that upset the literary conventions of the era. True True 4. Although there are many theories on why girls of Salem accused others of witchcraft, I believe the Salem Witch Trials occurred because the teenage girls of Salem were bored due to the strict religious environment. We must insure that our writers, poets, musicians, and artists produce literature and art that is appealing to our people and relates to our revolutionary culture. Although there were many possible causes for the Salem witch trial hysteria of 1692, social division and drama were the most significant. WebThe poetry of alurista launched a thousand ships which spread out all over America, and it is one of those ships that I and other early Chicano poets stowed away on. Portrait by Sophie Herxheimer. These poems are angry, full of energy; . My theory is that the salem witch trials began due to a combination of hysteria, post traumatic stress disorder, and religious views. Condition: New. new. In this groundbreaking work Alurista presented a new and essentially Chicano NATIONALITY: Polish El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan is about national liberation. WebThis series contains footage of a Alurista reading his poem Scratching Six, Plucking One, Alurista at a symposium on Chicano Literature in 1990, the Alurista Bilingual Poetry Recital, given I New Mexico in 2002, and Alurista giving a lecture on the history and definition of Chicano literature. Land and realty ownership will be acquired by the community for the people's welfare. That resentment turns inward, and you end up eating yourself up. WebAlurista (the pen name of Alberto Baltazar Urista Heredia) began. | Contact this seller, Book Description Paperback. The Provisional Directorate of the Plan of San Diego, Texas written in 1915 states, "we will arise in arms against the government, and country of the United States of North America, one as all and all as one, proclaiming the liberty of the individuals of the black race and its independence of yankee tyranny which has held us in iniquitous slavery since remote times". "alurista es el mero mero, a 'root' Xicanx poet, the etymology of our post-colonial mind literature starts with this vato. what for the swimming and the sea, see. Ec^|2 jWMnMGA+%B2b=!F3>yQwmRe2;WJsPYV!1. Language: English. Hernandez, Judithe (illustrator). "Alurista (1947)". For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979. "About this title" may belong to another edition of this title. (February 22, 2023). He has also lectured and read his poetry in venues throughout the world. 8.75x11.75x0.25 inches. So Forth (1996) Then after that it went downhill. 0000002983 00000 n ," introducing first himself, "yo me llamo pedro," and then naming his father, "el senor ortega / (a veces don jose)." Cuttlefish Bones (1925, Brodsky, Joseph You end up blaming others for your pain--whatever or whoever those 'others' happen to be--which makes you a resentful person. . "). 0000003182 00000 n Albuquerque, NM: Pajarito Publications, 1976. TUNALUNABY ALURISTAAZTLAN LIBRE PRESS, $15. Book is in NEW condition. It is this steadfast presence of the Chicano in the complex landscape of minorities in the United States that prompted Alurista to hold fast to the same "thematic contradictions" that he covers in previous works, such as the seminal "Floricanto en Aztln" first published some 40 years ago. San Diego, CA: Calaca Press, 2000. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It offers a wide range of services: education, counseling, legal, medical, and financial: it focuses as a center for art, music, and drama: it builds barrio identity, political power, economic muscle.[5] Alurista (the pen name of Alberto Baltazar Urista Heredia) is a Chicano poet and activist. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/alurista-1947, "Alurista (1947) With these one hundred poems Alurista created a highly original poetics that upset the literary conventions of the era. He moved to the USA from Mexico as a teenager. WebEl Plan Espiritual de Aztlan is about national liberation. Condition: New. However, in 1692, the idea of witchcraft sparked a crisis of community fear when hysteria and fear of witches broke out in 1692 in colonial Salem, Massachusetts. - He is the Godfather of the genre. "Alurista (1947) Rodolfo Gonzalez writes, (LogOut/ 14 distinct works More books by Alurista Is this you? But he also has been criticized for this practice. Even today there are magicians and superstitious people. Soft Cover. For Alurista, "Xicano" poetry most pointedly helps construct an identity that confronts or opposes what he sees as the capitalist views of the Anglo American majority. DIED: 1989, Havana, Cuba WebAlurista Published by Flowersong Press 11/11/2020, 2020 ISBN 10: 1953447910 ISBN 13: 9781953447913 Seller: BargainBookStores, Grand Rapids, U.S.A. He is the cofounder of multiple academic and community organizations, such as Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan at San Diego State, Concilio for la Justicia, Centro Cultural de la Raza, and the Department of Chicano Studies at San Diego State University. Shipping: "Alurista's Poetics: The Oral, the Bilingual, the Precolumbian." News&Notes. Institutions in our community which do not serve the people have no place in the community. WebAlurista is the pen name of Alberto Baltazar Urista Heredia (born August 8, 1947), a Chicano American poet and activist. Regarding a poetry slam hosted by the Movimiento de Arte y Cultura Latino Americana (MACLA), he said, "That's not Chicano poetry, [] It's nice that they're doing it, but it's not part of the tradition of Chicano literature. They in turn offer their responsibility and their lives for their people. Gary Soto brings the impoverished, crime filled streets of the Mexican-American communities where he grew up to life by evoking the harsh forces that often shape the life for Chicanos (Gary Soto: Poetry Foundation p. 1). The three reasons that caused this were revenge, jealousy, and feeling empowered. So much so, that Rodriguez claims that it led to colleges and universities becoming targets of protest and the. Among his collections of poetry are Floricanto en Aztlan (1971), Spik in Glyph? The revolutionary caucus of the 1969 Chicano Youth Conference states. It lives on as a popular and . According to Urista, "My apartment was shot up by the Minutemen. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. WebEl Plan de Aztlan was adopted at the first National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference in Denver, Colorado, March 1969 are committed to the idea and philosophy of El Plan de Aztln, we can only conclude that social, He lived in the border town of Tijuana until his teens, when he immigrated to San Diego, California. cummings, Alurista's work is at once simple and highly complex. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. WebMust Be The Season Of The Witch Analysis. The respondent attempts to humanize the interchange by providing significant personal and cultural information. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. He has also played a vital role in introducing Chicano studies into universities in the United States. To this alienated condition he opposes the myth of a lost paradise called Aztln, and of a pre-Columbian golden age, when cosmic forces and daily routines were in tune. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. However, the date of retrieval is often important. 1610), https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/alurista-1947. Over the course of his career he has evolved from a politically militant opponent of Anglo domination of Mexican and Chicano people to a proponent of spiritual transformation of vision and consciousness as essential to effecting social change for all people. Brand new Book. Hernandez, Judithe (illustrator). In his poem must be the season of the witch, Alurista uses a mix of the English and Spanish language. They are calling for the complete succession of Xicano and Indigenous land from a nation that does not recognize them as fully human. He was also producer and subject of the video, "Torn in Two", which featured four Chicano poets. He developed cultural nationalism to a higher level among Chicanos, but his legacy lies in his ability to spearhead a new poetics of Spanglish. It demonstrates the harmful physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power.Throughout the play of Macbeth the reader is able to see common phrases that are comparable to those of this generation's music, more specifically act 1 to the song I want it all by Queen. But its interpretation is not limited to Chicano-Anglo communication. The poet Alurista also played a key role in constructing a national allegory to compete with that of the "Gringo." These word-breaths are more than letters on paperthey are prophecies, clarities, unclarities, rage on page, and humo de copal on a warm spring day. 9780984441501 is supported by the University of Connecticut. The poem so moved the youth present that they adopted it as the preamble of the Plan Espiritual de Aztln, the political manifesto of the Chicano Movement. Racial Identity. As Corky Gonzalez quotes, The publication of a revolutionary Alurista published many pieces in the early issues of El Grito. WebA poet with a strong commitment to social problems, Alurista continues to explore racism and bigotry in his newest collection of poetry. Paperback. (LogOut/ Floricanto en Aztlan was published in 1971, a time of Chicano activism and the search for a Chicano identity. Most issues are thematically organized for greater understanding Calling Out to the Yeti (1957) It was at this time that he began using the name "Alurista". OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. Through the force of his poetry, founded on his faith that language creates reality, Alurista attempts to stimulate a return to a spiritual connection he believes people must have with each other and with cosmic processes in order for there to be just and harmonious societies. Language: English. He is the Godfather of the genre. I'll say my farewells, and I'll pay what is due. 0000001215 00000 n cummings, Alurista's work is at once simple and highly complex. MAJOR WORKS: Floricanto en Aztln was published in 1971, a time of Chicano activism and the search for a Chicano identity. Clearly, the poem has relevance for sensitizing health practitioners to the complexity of communication across language and culture. Some of the poems in this collection are in Spanish, some in English, some code-switch from one to the other. By Benjamin Voigt. As a metaphor for communication in health care, the poem reminds readers that the specialized, bureaucratic and scientific vocabulary of health care can be distancing and demeaning when talking with patients. To this day it is unclear exactly why this tragic event happened, but there are many theories. See alsoHispanics in the United States; Literature: Spanish America. Like the poems of e.e. Between June 10 and September 22, 1692, 20 people got put to death in Salem for witchcraft. Encyclopedia.com. 1947) attended the Conference where he read a poem to the attendees, which was adopted as the preamble to El Plan.Along with presenting for the first time a clear statement of the growing nationalist consciousness of Chicanos, especially among the youth, El Plan also delineated the specific role of artists, Seller Rating: Contact seller Book New - Softcover Condition: New US$ 15.41 Convert currency Free shipping Within U.S.A. WebAlurista (1947) Widely recognized as the chief poet of the Chicano movement, Alurista (the pen name of Alberto Baltazar Urista Heredia) was born on August 8, 1947, in Mexico Aluristas most popular book is Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. He began writing poetry for publication in 1966. California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alurista&oldid=1136319459, University of California, San Diego alumni, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 20:00. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. He has read his poetry all over the world, from Mexico, to the United States, to Europe. Their involvement as protectors of their people will be given respect and dignity. The video aired in 1984 and won an Emmy. Analysis of Mother, Any Distance by Simon Armitage. Paperback. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 2nd blg edition. WebThis new edition of Floricanto en Aztlan, Alurista's first book of poetry, includes a new preface by the poet. . Materials relating to the Alurista Bilingual Poetry 7 endstream endobj 30 0 obj<> endobj 32 0 obj<> endobj 33 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0>> endobj 34 0 obj<> endobj 35 0 obj<>stream This conversation around Indigenous national liberation and the expulsion of foreign invaders has a long history over the past 500 years. He undertook a personal and spiritual quest from 1995 through 1998, after which he identified with both the Catholic and Buddhist faiths. To explain the trials, Paul Boer and Stephen Nissenbaum wrote the book Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft in which they analyzed and broke down key components of the witch trials. The author adds that, it was a chance to uncover a positive self-definition (Rodriguez, "Building Aztlan: Chicano Movement Springs Back to Life"). The goal of national mobilization is to create a nation a return to history. In todays society witches are usually linked with Halloween. WebI'll wait for you there, and then make you my wife. WebThe following poem in memory of Burciaga is by the poet Alurista. Condition: new. During the mid-1990s, he traveled and performed with the Taco Shop Poets. The idea of Aztlan has survived numerous conquests and hundreds of years of settler-colonial oppression which means the tie to land and indigeneity is the engine to mobilization.[3]. WebThrough this poem, which was staged (and even filmed) as part of the public presentations of the Chicano civil rights movement, Mexican Americans were transformed into Chicanos. 2. BORN: 1902, Camaguey, Cuba El Plan Espiritual de Aztln was important because it called for the formation of a Chicano artistic consciousness in an effort to guide . Houston, TX: Arte Pblico Press, 1981. Alurista was an early Chicano activist, credited in helping to establish the Centro Cultural de la Raza in San Diego. interviews and reviews encompassing the multi-ethnic scope of American literature Hernandez, Judithe (illustrator). His Spanish-language writings were among the first by an American to be taken seriously by critics from hispanophone countries. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Book. nellson nutraceutical revenue; arlington catholic basketball roster; jack cawood and HVo6 4?@d@ When Alurista began to publish poetry in the late 1960's he soon became recognized for his dexterity in English, Spanish, Raya, and Nahuatl, and also for blending standard and slang languages in his writings. The poems blend English, Spanish, and pre-Columbian languages to explore themes of alienation and exploitation in a decidedly Chicano voice. Toggle navigation. MAJOR WORKS: The more you lack personal responsibility, the more you make excuses in order to get out of your own personal problem. Free shipping for many products! what for the blooming and the rain. He is most well known for his support of the Chicano Movement through his literature and poetry. WebWith these one hundred poems Alurista created a highly original poetics that upset the literary conventions of the era. Our liberation struggle is a war of Survival.[5] The Revolutionary caucus is calling for action such as described in El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan. The list of English words, spoken starkly as unstoppable, insistent imperatives, overpowers Pedros attempts to communicate a depth of cultural values and relationships. Motifs, Montale, Eugenio Spiritually, Urista identifies as both a Buddhist[4] and a Roman Catholic, as well as acknowledging indigenous practices such as the sweat lodge. He interjects politely, "perdone . Restitution for past economic slavery, political exploitation, ethnic and cultural psychological destruction and denial of civil and human rights. In a land colonized by three European/Western nations (Spain, France and the United States), the original occupants of these lands began to rebuild their own national identity, an identity focused on ancient ties to the occupied Americas and indigeneity. In Bridgeport, Connecticut, protestors picketed a mosque celebrating Ramadan and shouted slurs. Floricanto en Aztlan was published in 1971, a time of Chicano activism and the search for a Chicano identity. Trivia. He changed his major several times before earning a B.A. Here's what you should know. Alurista was born Alberto Baltazar Urista. These poems are angry, full of energy; they call us to action. Upon returning to San Diego, he helped to establish the Chicano Studies department at SDSU. The poems blend English, Spanish, and pre-Columbian languages to explore themes of alienation and exploitation in a decidedly Chicano voice.This new edition of Floricanto en Aztlan, Alurista's first book of poetry, includes a new preface by the poet and a new foreword that considers the lasting influence of this important work. GENRE: Poetry, nonfiction Alurista went on to become the "poet laureate of Aztln". "[4] However, the name change was also a reflection of his Marxist philosophy: "The notion was to synthesize--to bring things together. In addition to his own poetry, Alurista has written works of non-fiction, literary criticism, and many essays on Chicano culture and history. MELUS is published by The Society for the Study of the WebAlurista has 14 books on Goodreads with 2222 ratings. Aztlan is firmly the idea of indigeneity and natural inheritance to a land stolen by occupying power. The poem, El Plan Espiritual de Aztln, became the title of the manifesto, and the poem became its preamble. His constant innovations and flair made him a key poet from the 1960s through the 1980s. Rodolfo Corky Gonzalez series, box 10, Special Collections and Archives in Denver Public Library, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plan_Espiritual_de_Aztln&oldid=1142352100, Articles needing additional references from April 2014, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 23:04. Today, the poet Alurista relaxes in shorts at an outdoor table at a South First Street coffee shop, patiently rolling his own cigarette, sipping a nonalcoholic beverage, Condition: new. Is the Stanley Quencher tumbler worth its TikTok hype? Condition: New. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Not many knew this yet but the trials to come over the next few months would have an enormous impact on the history of Massachusetts and America as well. Alurista has 14 books on Goodreads with 2222 ratings. The assumption of a pen name was as much for anonymity as it was for artistry. Hernandez, Judithe (illustrator). porsche cayman 987 bodykit; efficiencies for rent in riverview, fl. Kids envision witches flying across a moonlit sky on broomsticks and having slinky black cats as pets. More specifically, Dailey is stating that the irrational fear and paranoia present in American Society causes racial and religious discrimination of the Muslims. Puro Chicanao Love. The volume of 52 poems offers classic Alurista, the Mexican-born scholar who came to the United States as a teenager and later became a leading literary figure in the Chicano movement. He admires Catholicism for its rituals, and Buddhism for its meditative practices. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. It is also because of the girls that began behaving weirdly. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Condition: Brand New. Alurista's work is being collected in the "Mexican American Archives at the Benson Collection: A Guide for Users", University of Texas, Austin. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. His papers are held at University of Texas, Austin and at California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives. In the event, many were accused of witchcraft and some were even executed. Hernandez, Judithe (illustrator). Our cultural values of life, family, and home will serve as a powerful weapon to defeat the gringo dollar value system and encourage the process of love and brotherhood. It is laid out by Gonzalez as. Seller Inventory # M0895511479, Book Description Paperback. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. For more information, visit www.aztlanlibrepress.com. 100 pages. For the very young there will no longer be acts of juvenile delinquency, but revolutionary acts. 2nd Revised ed. The Xicano power movement of the 1960s and 1970s was a continuation of the centuries-old question surrounding the natural inheritance of indigenous people and national identity. His poetry also reflects his spirituality, and his attachment to He was born in 1947 in Mexico City and migrated to San Diego, California, when he was thirteen. BORN: 1896, Genoa, Italy His contribution to the formation of Chicano/a Poetry in unrivaled. Seller Inventory # NewCamp0895511479. u burciaga t what for the rush and bloody pain what for the bloooming and the rain what for the quest and odyssey what for the swimming and the sea there b no shore or beach that anyone can reach and breathe, inhale, exhale, and love Multi- Ethnic Literature of the United States for members and subscribing institutions. ." All of this is in good fun and people open their doors and give little witches candy and smiles. book. Evil cackling, pointy hats, bubbling cauldrons, and ugly physical appearances spring to mind. Timespace Huracn: Poems, 197275. Aluristas most popular book is Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. Paperback. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Or they find that the poet sacrifices a more accessible expression for the sake of edgy wordplay that manages only to obscure and obfuscate meaning. Lomeli, Francisco A. As an active member of the San Diego-area Chicano Movement, Urista was instrumental in the 1970 takeover of Chicano Park and in the foundation of the Centro Cultural de la Raza, a cultural center. 6. A'nque: Collected Poems 197679. WebAlurista sometimes directs his polemic at highly specific targets, such as former governer of California Pete Wilson: wilsonitis is an ingrown epidemic Other poems are all about the I have never seen, nor will I ever see a revolution without the propagation of ideas as a preliminary, and the shedding of blood, as the inevitable means of deciding the outcome[5] Cultural and political mobilization is the goal of this document. P-TI*n']aAl:{E}#)2"(k(7) }CE%W)>y3dJJPI6RN5^7|[^rt7;: dJVm'Mk(T@#^R0mZJ'ItKi`U[3't-\QQ~v|l%'W)Zr~/^gW9rtLN&yv~CW>48)_&?695qK$D 2nd blg edition. 0000000723 00000 n His contribution to the formation of Chicano/a Poetry in unrivaled. Best Review Site for Digital Cameras. 2008 Oxford University Press He is credited with popularizing the Chicano Movement-era concept of "Aztln" and imbuing it with a spiritual dimension through his poetry. Within U.S.A. Book Description Soft Cover. "Alurista (1947) Two voices are heard in this short poem: an English-speaking interviewer and a Spanish-speaking respondent. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Alurista has received numerous rewards and has made his mark in the Chicano community. People started to take advantage of witchcraft, and accuse people they wanted gone, and it worked they could get away with it with no punishments. They had had seizures, screamed extremely, and acted dazed. The assumption of a pen name was as much for anonymity as it was for artistry. He was born in 1947 in Mexico City and migrated to San Diego, California, when he was thirteen. Declaring full sovereignty of the south west from the settler nation of the United States of America. 4. It seems an ironic and dismissive response from a person who early on in his career blazed trails and broke down barriers in publishing with this same multilingual approach. Print length 72 pages Language English Publisher Bilingual Press Publication date February 1, 1995 Dimensions 5.5 x 0.5 x 8.5 Floricanto en Aztln was published in 1971, a American writer Lawrence Ferlinghetti (born 1919) is equally well known for his own works and for his efforts on behalf of oth, Szymborska, Wislawa book. There are many reasons that the people of Salem were convinced that there were witches among them. "September," by the American poet Joanne Kyger, was first published in Kyger's collection All This Every Day in 1975. Politically, he identifies himself as a "socialist. Dailey writes about mosques, which are Islamic places of worship, and how they have been recently targeted. Neighbors looked to each other for evidence of a pure soul and conformity. What might be more the case is Alurista's insistence on coining a new language to confront in a new way what he perceives as the unrelenting hypocrisy of the "estados unidos de angloamerica" or "yankeelandia." . ." how much did elizabeth olsen make from wandavision; can you remelt rice crispy treats; landscape architecture graphics; sri lanka weather february celsius; georgia unemployment tax rate 2022; thumper pond townhomes; eddie and the cruisers 3 full movie; He holds a PhD in Spanish and Latin American literature from the University of California in In the 1970s, Alurista organized the Festival Floricanto, an annual event that convened Chicano writers and critics to share and critique their work. Condition: New. He frequently begins a poem with a playful tone, but then expands it to WebAlurista's Global Poetics Marissa Lopez University of California, Los Angeles Alurista (the pen name of Alberto Baltazar Urista Heredia) began publishing his poems in the 1960s, is still publishing in the twenty-first century, and is referred to by some as the Chicano poet laureate. 0000002898 00000 n For 144 years we have been trying to peacefully coexist yet no peace has come to our communities. According to Urista, "My apartment was shot up by the Minutemen. WebWith these one hundred poems Alurista created a highly original poetics that upset the literary conventions of the era. He is a professor and scholar, having obtained his Ph.D. in Spanish and Latin American literature, he was awarded the Jr. MacArthur Chair in Spanish by Colorado College in 1984 for his teaching excellence. WebAlurista is recognized as one of the most significant Chicano poets. The church is included simply because it was thought to not be holding the same control over the parishioners anymore. they form equal parts of a rebellion and are inherent in it. Condition: new. He combines an archetypal young love poem with the concept of poverty to create the powerful poem: Oranges (1985). . Community control of our schools, our teachers, our administrators, our counselors, and our programs. Quantity: 5 Add to Basket Paperback or Softback. CULTURAL values of our people strengthen our identity and the moral backbone of the movement. UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center Press, United States. Webalurista distance poemsmart search field in safari. Some critics find the language alienating to the very people he is writing about, or for. Spik in Glyph? Webrecited his poetry throughout the United States, Mexico, Germany, Holland and France. S.A. businesses are throwing a Women's Day celebration, Rock and Roll Hall of Famer stops in S.A. for concert, Texas mom accused of killing her children has history of violence, South Texans want to know who's behind the 'Booty Patrol' truck, 'Naked and Afraid' lets San Antonio mom show off survival skills, Costco to open first $15M store in Central Texas this March, PHOTOS: Massive alligator spooks locals along a South Texas road, Former Boerne QB investigated for allegedly sharing XFL plays, Here's what you should know about Round1 in San Antonio, Video shows drunk driver try to flee crash that killed Texas cop, Police: North Texas mother arrested after stabbing her 5 children, killing 3, Residents curious about 'U.S. Condition: New. In Stock. "Alurista's play with language, his transnational perspective on politics and economics, and his manipulation of time break down the barriers between people, place, and history with the ultimate goal of liberation and self-actualization.