Entomol. ); Wheeler, W.M. K-K. Zool.-Bot. [citation needed], Most species of carpenter ants forage at night. Bulter, I. Workers vary in size, ranging from 5.5 to 11 mm in length. Camponotus floridanus has had their entire genome sequenced. Bite/Sting Information:Not an aggressive species unless disturbed. Ipser, R.M., M.A. Figure 8. Systematic Biology 53(1):95-110, Del Toro, I. NEW! When foraging, they usually collect and consume dead insects. Camponotus floridanus is closely related to Camponotus atriceps, and possibly may be considered a subspecies of C. atriceps that diverged after a population became isolated within Florida. Related species or forms of the subgenus Myrmothrix (a group in serious taxonomic disarray) are among the ants that Donisthorpe (1915) reported arriving in England, usually in bunches of bananas, but also in orchids. M.S. Deyrup M., C. Johnson, G. C. Wheeler, J. Wheeler. B.Colyott, firsthand observation over a several year period. These obligately parasitic variants have a mutated supergene and arose directly from their free-living parent strain, suggesting a genetic mechanism for the evolution of ant workerless social parasites. Chemical ecology and social parasitism in ants. Version 8.87. Cuvillier-Hot, V., Salin, K., Devers, S., Tasiemski, A., Schaffner, P., Boulay, R., Billiard, S., Lenoir, A. Head more shining and sometimes of the same yellowish red color as the thorax and legs. Another Amazing Southern Carpenter queen! Head opaque, very densely and minutely punctate or shagreened. Apart from their obvious locomotory function and hence the presence of muscle fibres, ant legs are also endowed with an astonishing variety of exocrine glands.This paper reviews the presence and structural variety of the 20 different glands that have so far been found in the legs of ants. A Prenolepis imparis founding queen with eggs inside a test tube setup. Biological Bulletin , Vol. 20: 295-354 (page 325, revived status as species), Wheeler, W. M. 1913d. Patterns of co-occurrence and body size overlap among ants in Florida's upland ecosystems. Psyche (Camb.) Southeastern Naturalist 12(2): 367-378. It willl defiantly stand out! The largest ant species on earth. MacGown J. Managed fire frequency significantly influences the litter arthropod community in longleaf pine flatwoods. [23], In many social insect species, social behavior can increase the disease resistance of animals. Boulay, R., Hefetz, A., Soroker, V., Lenoir, A. The architecture of subterranean ant nests: beauty and mystery underfoot. The Florida Entomologist 87(3) 253-260. Queen Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus 1 Worker ( Shipping Within MN Only! ) Rafiqi, A.M., Rajakumar, A., Abouheif, E. 2020. Wheeler (1910) - Major Length, 8-10 mm. In certain areas these ants can be quite populous and during mating flights the winged individuals numerous, leading to concerned property owners finding them on the walls of stores, buildings, and homes. The genus includes over 1,000 species. Identification. There are a number of "pest barrier" substances available that are sticky and can be used on tree trunks and other places to stop ants from passing. . 2004. Florida carpenter ant, Camponotus floridanus (Buckley), dealate queen tending brood. United States Department of Agriculture. ACTIVE YEAR ROUND! Eyes rather large and convex. [2] First described as Formica floridana by Buckley in 1866,[3] the species was moved to Camponotus by Mayr in 1886. The remaining chitin-based shell is left behind. 1996) but often several subnests. Other concerns are that these ants sting (they do not) and bite (they do). Carpenter ants, like many other ants, will trail along wires or cables that may be attached to homes and serve frequently as access routes for them to enter attics and other above ground areas. 23: 313-325. These systems often lead to an end at some food source often aphid colonies, where the ants extract and feed on honeydew. Seek a physician if symptoms worsen.2. Camponotus floridanus, or Florida carpenter ant, is a species of ant in the genus Camponotus. 71(2):163-176. 1964. Florida carpenter ant, Camponotus floridanus (Buckley), dealate queen tending brood. Figure 7. Personal Communication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 2945-2950. Major workers can deliver particularly devastating bites as their mandibles more readily pierce the skin, where bite wounds may draw blood and into which they will attempt to spray noxious formic acid. (LogOut/ ; head, 3.5 x 3.4 mm. Brand New. The workers will then feed the queen and the larvae by consuming the food they have found, and regurgitating (trophallaxis) the food at the nest. Take over the counter benadryl or ibuprofen to treat mild symptoms. Studies in Mycology 90: 119160 (DOI 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.002). smith) (hymenoptera: formicidae) chong kim fung Newly . Epperson, D.M. Jahrb. One stomach is for themselves, and the second stomach stores extra food reserves to feed brood and other colony members.5. A preliminary list of the ants of Florida. Residents of satellite nests include older larvae, pupae, and some winged individuals. Draft. MacGown, J.A and J.A. Northern populations undergo a diapause during the winter, while southernmost populations do not experience much dramatic and extensive diapause periods, if not at all, due to the warm tropical climate of South Florida. (Deyrup, Davis & Cover, 2000.). Water towers are great devices to help balance humidity. With their massive size and a large diet of insects and sweets, they will thrive. Frontal carinae lyrate, rather far apart; frontal area small, triangular; frontal groove distinct. Bonasio, B., Zhang, G., et al. These ants are highly aggressive and fast moving, being quick to swarm any disturbance to their nest. In a survey of common urban pest ant species covering four metropolitan areas of Florida (Daytona-Orlando, Tampa Bay area, Sarasota-Ft. Myers, and the greater Miami area), Klotz et al. N.p., n.d. Ants of the Florida Keys: Species Accounts, Biogeography, and Conservation (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Help. . Buy and place a hydrometer for accurate humidity reading in nest. This means the relatedness between offspring and parents is disproportionate. During the flight season, carpenter ants can often be found in alarming numbers. Brinkman, W.A. This species ranges from North Carolina to Florida and west to Mississippi 4. As with all members of the Order Hymenoptera, carpenter ants develop by complete metamorphosis, Deyrup MA, Carlin N, Trager J, Umphrey G. 1988. Communities in context: the influences of multiscale environmental variation on local ant community structure. Ontogeny of nestmate recognition cues in the red carpenter ant (, Moura, M.N., Cardoso, D.C., Cristiano, M.P. Selling Camponotos Floridanus queens with eggs 40 a piece in Orlando Florida. login or register to post comments. 2001. Stud. Caulking exterior openings and weather stripping may also aid in control. Web. 2012. When a sizable number of workers follows this trail, the strength of the cue increases and a foraging trail is established. Subfam. These nests are called primary nests. Palomeque, T., O. Sanllorente, X. Maside, J. Vela, P. Mora, M. I. Torres, G. Periquet, and P. Lorite. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Ann. 2009. Thorax, gaster and legs moderately shining, more superficially shagreened. Frass consists of bits of excavated materials and pieces of dead insects, including carpenter ants. Their main food sources normally include proteins and carbohydrates. Bits of debris, called frass, are often ejected from nesting sites. Journal of Entomological Science 54, 417-429, Gonalves, W.G., Fernandes, K.M., Silva, A.P.A., Gonalves, D.G., Fiaz, M., Serro, J.E. Ant Tower Large Deluxe. CF Egg replicate 2 (HiSeq) SRA: Camponotus floridanus; 1: GPL14137; GSE31576; GSE31577; CF Major replicate 1 (GA) An Camponotus floridanus in uska species han Formicidae nga syahan ginhulagway ni Buckley hadton 1866. A pholder about Camponotus. There is no sting, but workers can bite and spray formic acid for defense. The peak foraging hours are just before sunset until two hours after sunset, then again around dawn. [26][27][28] The enlarged mandibular gland, which is many times the size of that of a normal ant, produces a glue. Queenless satellite nests are often founded within 20 to 100 feet of a mature nest. Worker and male reproductives of the Tortugas carpenter ant, Camponatus tortuganus (Emery). Complaints are numerous during the spring swarm season, usually between April and June, when A worker ant of the carpenter ant species Camponotus floridanus . Camponotus floridanus is a pest in the southeastern Unites States. Workers then care for the queen and ensuing brood. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on the Natural History of the Bahamas, June 7-11, 1991. A., and R. Whitehouse. The RefSeq genome records for Camponotus floridanus were annotated by the NCBI Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline, an automated pipeline that annotates genes, transcripts and proteins on draft and finished genome assemblies.This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and intermediate . [31], One of the most familiar species associated with human habitation in the United States is the black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus). Hymenoptera. The Florida Entomologist 30(4): 57-67, Van Pelt A. F. 1956. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 144(2): 347-357. This ends when the food source is depleted. Ant Tending of Miami Blue Butterfly Larvae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): Partner Diversity and Effects on Larval Performance. Eliminate "bridges" caused by trees and shrubs touching house exteriors. E.P., Zungoli. Accessed . Phylogenetic and transcriptomic analysis of chemosensory receptors in a pair of divergent ant species reveals sex-specific signatures of odor coding. 19, Pricer, John. They use biochemical pheromones to mark the shortest path that can be taken from the nest to the source. Carpenter ants work to build the nests that house eggs in environments with usually high humidity due to their sensitivity to environmental humidity. Major workers of Camponatus sp. Spiesman B. J. and G. S. Cumming. Urban Entomol. Environmental Research 131, 104110. Surface hydrocarbons of queen eggs regulate worker reproduction in a social insect. and T. Lockley. $ 65.00. These bacteria recycle waste products, such as urates from animal urine, into usable amino acids for the ants. Only 20 top suggestions will be shown. (7-13mm) and may maintain very large colonies of 100,000 workers with multiple queens. "Carpenter Ants": Insects: University of Minnesota Extension. Queen fertility, egg marking and colony size in the ant, Endler A, Liebig J, Schmitt T, Parker J, Jones G, Schreier P, Hlldobler B 2004. CRC Press, 423 pages. Camponotus floridanus can be distinguished from its visually similar, but smaller relative Camponotus tortuganus by its wider than long head, smaller but stockier legs relative to the body, and overall stouter build. Mga kasarigan. DO NOT place live crickets in your nest when feeding your ants. Antennae short, scapes flattened at the base but not dilated, enlarged towards their tips, which do not extend beyond the posterior corners of the head. Some pheromones have been known to calm workers, while others have been known to excite them. About 227 results (0.48 seconds) r/antkeeping; r/ants; r/Entomology; r/ant; r/whatsthisbug . Fla. Entomol. Forster J.A. Spatial distribution of colonies of three carpenter ants, Koch, S., Tahara, R., Vasquez-Correa, A., Abouheif, E. 2021. Ant Tower Large. Body hairs are abundant, long, and golden. Nature 585, 239244. Camponotus floridanus is one of the two largest native Carpenter Ant species found within the United States. Different worker castes also perform different roles in the colony, with the smaller workers caring for the brood and queen, maintaining the nest and foraging for food. They tend many aphid species but can also express preference for specific ones. A north Florida ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Instances of carpenter ants bleeding Chinese elm trees for the sap have been observed in the northern Arizona region. As a result, they forgo reproduction to donate energy and help the fertile individuals reproduce. Whitcomb W. H., H. A. Denmark, A. P. Bhatkar, and G. L. Greene. Status: valid. Camponotus floridanus, or Florida carpenter ant,[1] is a species of ant in the genus Camponotus. Deyrup M. 2016. [34], Carpenter ants and their larvae are eaten in various parts of the world. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 155, 107036, Will, I., Das, B., Trinh, T., Brachmann, A., Ohm, R.A., de Bekker, C. 2020. Altruistic individuals increase other individuals' fitness at the expense of their own. Head ferruginous red; mandibles, antennal scapes and anterior border of cheeks and clypeus darker. Scientific Name: Camponotus floridanusCommon Name(s): Florida Carpenter AntGenus- CamponotusOrder- HymenopteraFamily- Formicidae, Average Size In Millimeters:Workers are polymorphic and vary in size.Queen: 16mm-20mmMinor Worker: 5.5mm-7mmMajor Worker: 8mm-12mmDrone: 7mm-12mm. But if you violently shake the jar and dump them back on the ground the ants will fight until they eventually kill each other. Camponotus floridanus, Camponotus laevigatus (Hymenoptera:Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlaa135. Cheeks with small, scattered foveolae; clypeus and lateral borders of front with a few large piligerous foveolte. They build nests inside wood consisting of galleries chewed out with their mandibles or jaws, preferably in dead, damp wood. Ionescu-Hirsch A. 1989. Foraging trails can either be under or above ground. Bonasio R., G. Zhang, C. Ye, N. S. Mutti, X. Fang, N. Qin, G. Donahue, P. Yang, Q. Li, C. Li et al.. 2010. Polygynous: Yes. This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 01:57. The female alates mate in the air once then ground themselves to search for a location to establish a new colony. 2014. Animal Behaviour. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org. The queen is about 1.9 cm long, on average. Palomeque et al. Deyrup, Mark A., Carlin, Norman, Trager, James and Umphrey, Gary. Background: Camponotus floridanus ant colonies are comprised of a single reproductive queen and thousands of sterile female offspring that consist of two morphologically distinct castes: smaller minors and larger majors. Baseline surveys for ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the western Everglades, Collier County, Florida. A Survey of the Urban Pest Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Peninsular Florida. Sponsored. Integration of morphological and molecular taxonomic characters for identification of. Ant community change across a ground vegetation gradient in north Floridas longleaf pine flatwoods. MUSEUM RECORDS COLLATED BY ISRAEL DEL TORO. (carpenter ants) Showing 1-12 of 30 results. This suggests the bacterium plays a role in ant nutrition. Watch for signs of mold or excessive condensation buildup. These ants are foragers that typically eat parts of other dead insects or substances derived from other insects. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Georgia. Ventilation helps prevent mold growth and accessive formic acid build-up within the nest. Subspecies: Camponotus pressipes lucidulus Emery, 1893. de Bekker, C., Beckerson, W.C., Elya, C. 2021. Pre-kill crickets before giving to your ants or remove the crickets hind legs.7. When they discover a dead insect, workers surround it and extract its bodily fluids to be carried back to the nest. The Florida carpenter ant is readily tolerant of disturbed areas of human habitation, making them a common sight in the densely populated suburbs of Florida. 2020. Today, we're taking a look at my new exotic ant species with a crazy queen! 2010. Florida Entomologist 87: 253-260. 69: 206-228 (page 219, revived from synonymy as subspecies of abdominalis), Emery, C. 1893k. House-infesting ants of the eastern United States. Minors perform most of the tasks within the colony, including brood care and food collection, whereas majors have fewer clear roles and have been hypothesized to act as a specialized . Ontogeny of queen attraction to workers in the ant, Boulay, R., Hefetz, A., Cerd, X., Devers, S., Francke, W., Twele, R., Lenoir, A. Major workers have been known to draw blood at times, due to large powerful mandibles. Sci. Version 8.87. The glue bursts out and entangles and immobilizes all nearby victims. Family: Formicidae. An updated list of ants of Alabama (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with new state records. 2009. 2004. 2009. Ventilation is crucial for a Camponotus floridanus colony. A subreddit for ant keepers! Biol. Antennae slender, scapes not flattened at the base, reaching about half their length beyond the posterior corners of the head. The ants of South Carolina (thesis, Clemson University). It is essentially a measure of how closely related two individuals are with respect to a gene. Queens of Camponotus floridanus (N=90) were collected at the Florida Keys, USA, after the mating flight in August 2001, July 2002, as well as June 2003.The very common carpenter ant C. floridanus reaches colony sizes of over 10,000 individuals. In those cases use one of the baits made for carpenter ants, and follow the label directions. See for yourself how different the heads of ants are by viewing them in large magnification photos. [39] In Africa, carpenter ants are among a vast number of species that are consumed by the San people. Primary Diet: Wild & Captive ColoniesCarbohydrates- Sugar water, maple syrup, honey, junk foods, soda, fruit juices, insect honeydew, and nectar.Proteins- Living & dead insects, softened meats, hard boiled egg yolk, liquid protein syrup, bone marrow and soft dog food/treats. Cell 184, 58075823.e14, Habenstein, J., Amini, E., Grbel, K., el Jundi, B., Rssler, W. 2020. Ant Species in the Diet of a Florida Population of Eastern Narrow-Mouthed Toads, Gastrophryne carolinensis. ACTIVE YEAR ROUND! Florida Entomologist 99(3): 389-394. This phenomenon, called social immunity, exists in carpenter ants. [21] This allows acceptance of nestmates and rejection of non-nestmates. 17.4k members in the antkeeping community. 2018. Camponotus floridanus (Buckley) in the subgenus Myrmothrix, is an average to large sized ant ranging in size from about 6.5 to 11 mm in overall length. Different worker castes also perform different roles in the colony, with the smaller workers caring for the brood and queen, maintaining the nest and foraging for food. ( e.g. Science of Nature. Nuptial flights begin around May and peak in the summer months. Did you every get rid of the Camponotus floridanus queens? Ant phylogenomics reveals a natural selection hotspot preceding the origin of complex eusociality. Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator. Catalog Formicidae Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus Camponotus (Myrmothrix) Camponotus floridanus. Mandibles 5- to 6-toothed. Native and exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nesting in red mangroves (Malpighiales: Rhizophora mangle) of eastern Florida. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com. Oswalt, D.A. Figure 2. 3 (July 1982), pp. nuptial flight stats EU Cookie Consent To use this Website we are using Cookies and collecting some Data. It readily colonizes containers left outside, and could easily be transported to new areas. [citation needed], The process of recognition for carpenter ants requires two events. In recent years, a small and exotic daytime-foraging carpenter ant, C. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Deyrup, M., Davis, L. & Cover, S. 2000. Tiere 7: 633-682 (page 670, subspecies of abdominalis), Emery, C. 1925d. Next, the receiving animal must be able to recognize and process the cue. 329: 1068-1071. Report on the ants collected on Spring Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina. It contains facts from FSU and from my years of personal experience with this species. Mating takes place in flight during late evenings until sunrise. Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of stinging wasps and the origins of ants and bees. A unique facet of C. floridanus colonies is that they are characterized by a rigid caste system wherein the colony reproduction depends exclusively on a single queen (Opachaloemphan et al. Female alate (reproductive) of the Florida carpenter ant, Camponatus floridanus (Buckley). Brock and J.J. Wernegreen. These ants stand out! 2021. Deyrup, M. and J. Trager. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Little Ohoopee River Dunes, Emanuel County, Georgia. Complete mitochondrial genome of the gate-keeper ant, Paul, J. It is one of the most . For the cricket, see, Colony Size and Polygyny in Carpenter Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Roger D. Akre, Laurel D. Hansen and Elizabeth A. Myhre Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , Vol. Winged reproductives fly in the evening or night during the rainy season (May through November). Klotz, J., B. Reid, S. Klotz. Enter an SRA accession (experiment, study, or submission), title, the scientific name or tax id. Host-Symbiont Stability and Fast Evolutionary Rates in an Ant-Bacterium Association:Cospeciation of Camponotus Species and Their Endosymbionts, Candidatus Blochmannia. Ipser R. M. 2004. Fla. Entomol. 2018. (LogOut/ The North American ants of the genus Camponotus Mayr. First, a cue must be present on a "donor animal". Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 7771. Ph.D. thesis, Clemson University. Florida Entomologist 14: 1-6. (2015) found class II mariner elements, a form of transposable elements, in the genome of this ant. A list of Florida ants. Pubescence very short and dilute, distinct only on the gaster. Outside of deadwood, colonies may be found nesting underground within the base of a living tree or inside tree cavities. Queens become aggressive mainly to other queens if they trespass on a marked territory. The Life History of the Carpenter Ant. Web. Major workers however only defend the nest and do not venture far, unless . Hairs coarse, long, fulvous, erect, rather abundant, shorter on the anterior surface of the antennal scapes and on the legs, absent on the cheeks and sides of the head, very short on the mandibles and clypeal border. Primary type information: Primary type material: syntype workers (number not stated). Mechanisms behind the madness: How do zombie-making fungal entomopathogens affect host behavior to increase transmission? XL, No. MacGown J. Sometimes homeowners are concerned about damage to the structural integrity of their homes, which they Wilson E. O., and A. Francoeur. Ultrastructure of the bacteriocytes in the midgut of the carpenter ant, Gospocic, J., Glastad, K.M., Sheng, L., Shields, E.J., Berger, S.L., Bonasio, R. 2021. A. 17pp. Observation of foragers entering voids is the best means of finding the nest. Photograph by John Warner, University of Florida. The other species is Camponotus pennsylvanicus. Workers can recognize the presence of a highly fertile queen via her eggs, which are marked with the queens Cuticular Hydrocarbons (Endler et al. Parasites affect host behaviors in multiple ways, yet researchers do not understand how they are able to do this, de Bekker says. Here you will find our changing offer of camponotus ant colonies. Exotic Ants of the Florida Keys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). New York Residual sprays in foraging areas can also be helpful. A list of the ants of South Carolina. However, unlike termites, they do not consume wood, discarding a material that resembles sawdust outside their nest. A., R. L. Brown, J. G. Hill, and B. Layton. You can see this tiny world seen up close. Abt. Watch for trailing ants at their peak nocturnal foraging hours and follow them. However, carpenter ants have "extensive" mating flights and relatively large queens, distinguishing them from polygynous species. These instances may be rare as the colonies vastly exceeded the standard size of carpenter ant colonies elsewhere. Ants collected in Georgia by Dr. J. C. Bradley and Mr. W. T. Davis. First described as Formica floridana by Buckley in 1866, the species was moved to Camponotus by Mayr in 1886. A non-destructive method for identifying the sex of ant larvae. The antennae of Florida carpenter ants are 12-segmented, with the terminal segment being slightly elongated and bullet-shaped, and without a club. A small amount of insecticidal dust or spray applied directly to the nest area is usually successful. The brood that emerge after the minums should be normal sized worker ants. Queen fertility, egg marking and colony size in the ant Camponotus floridanus. Braman C. A., and B. T. Forschler. Eine Arbeiterin der Rossameisen-Art Camponotus floridanus. Ipser, R.M., Brinkman, M.A., Gardner, W.A., Peeler, H.B. Workers are wingless, while males and sexual females have wings. The Florida carpenter ant complex is comprised of several species, two of which are common around structures: Camponotus floridanus (Buckley) and Camponotus tortuganus (Emery). Common foods for them include insect parts, "honeydew" produced by aphids, or extrafloral nectar from plants. A Review of the Ants of the Florida Keys. Contributed by Michael Hughes on 12 June, 2016 - 7:36pm Last updated 16 June, 2016 - 3:31pm. . Male and female reproductives of the Tortugas carpenter ant, Camponatus tortuganus (Emery). Ants collected in Georgia by Dr. J. C. Bradley and Mr. W. T. Davis. [29][30], The termite species Globitermes sulphureus has a similar defensive system. report a variant strain of the clonal raider ant that expresses queen-like traits in individuals that would normally become workers. NCBI Camponotus floridanus Annotation Release 101. Male alates of this species are more concolorous, primarily ranging in the rusty to cider oranges. The thorax is evenly convex; a key characteristic of carpenter ants. 2021. Carpenter ants are one of the most common indoor insect pests in Florida. Native and exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Georgia: Ecological Relationships with implications for development of biologically-based management strategies. Wheeler W. M. 1910. The larger the value, the more two individuals are "related". Ants of Florida: identification and natural history. [11], Although carpenter ants do not tend to be extremely aggressive, they have developed mechanisms to maximize their provision from a food source when that same food source is visited by a competing organism. Camponotus floridanus ant colonies are comprised of a single reproductive queen and thousands of sterile female offspring that consist of two morphologically distinct castes: smaller minors and larger majors. A Survey of Ground-Dwelling Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Georgia. 2023 California Academy of Sciences.