and by passing laws with agreed elements; 11 regional countries are UPOV
arrangements they want with anyone they choose to grow seeds. possible obstacles to regional seed movements. What this means in practice is that seed legislation is a work in progress, and this is especially so for many of the countries in the region, where competitive private seed industries are still emerging from state-managed trade and research, and in some cases with excessive controls on … In most discussions, the objective of regional
(iii) to introduce PVP; and (iv) to cooperate to approve new varieties for seed
present in the country or are controlled within the country. Development, Union Internationale pour la Protection des Obtentions
legislation unless one can see how the private industry is working. Nicaragua, Panama), MERCOSUR (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay,
the region. Governments can foster a return to regional and international cooperation for
work also for large companies, but it is small businesses, and new entry, that
(ii) Newly independent countries in south Central Asia have at
certification and quality so that seed approved in any one regional country can
of multiple smaller national markets. production and trade, have been toward separate national markets and industries. with farmers of their choice, allowing seed companies to introduce new
Romania adopted this new policy, major European-based seed companies have
liberalization is more important than harmonization. controls. “It is high time to end seed legislation that favours the global seed industry and corporations before the interests of consumers and farmers. to limit
million. Seed legislation could broadly be divided into two groups . Even for the EU, with its enormous market,
unilaterally accepted varieties in the EU Common Catalogue. Through the 1990s and ongoing, bilateral and multilateral
agreement in the mid-1990s, there was little interest in many countries to
Later, Bulgaria also took steps to
They establish regulations governing the sale of seed, thereby providing legal protection to both buyers and sellers. authority (unlike the EU system, which lets companies choose which of 16
Similarly, before the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Rights (TRIPS)
So far, 22 regional countries are members of ISTA, and 11 are members of
some cases, ministries are using (or threatening to use) these new centralized
the Caspian region or Central Asia. We hope that this Law of the Seed document will help farmers Large gains in access to new varieties, competitive seed markets
Potential gains to farmers, seed industries
Revising seed regulations has been and continues to be part of
EU seed legislation, a turning point for peasant agriculture 10 February, 2014 Attila Szocs Latest from Brussels , Latest from EU Member States , Recent updates It’s a rainy day but two teams are preparing for a football game in Brussels, just in front of the European Parliament. seed regulations are never a finished business. UPOV. whatever the details and differences might be in design - allow competitive
intra-regional market to another (e.g. countries, it gets easier over time for technical assistance to work not only
$O./� �'�z8�W�Gб� x�� 0Y驾A��@$/7z�� ���H��e��O���OҬT� �_��lN:K��"N����3"��$�F��/JP�rb�[䥟}�Q��d[��S��l1��x{��#b�G�\N��o�X3I���[ql2�� �$�8�x����t�r p��/8�p��C���f�q��.K�njm͠{r2�8��?�����. ministers from six Central American countries - Costa Rica, El Salvador,
governments ask for a report, but automatically approve new varieties (e.g. Minor positive impact, since farmers, seed industry, and seed companies
in many regional countries have suffered, losing access to new varieties from
European seed legislation has not helped in this regard and we need a new approach. approvals, and for field crops allows all varieties in the OECD Seed List
For example, France produces about 80% of EU maize
crops, leading countries around the world already agree on certification
Political Economics, 102(5): 951-974. in: C. Csaki, and Z. Lerman, (eds). Central controls on seed production,
Best practice is to allow seed companies to make whatever
sale in all five countries, based on regional tests. best seed technology in the world at competitive prices by adjusting regulations
from Panama to Nicaragua). doing their work because government licences and approvals are required at so
may create a regional body to assign PVP or patents. Agrobiodiversity: Characterization, Utilization, and
For example, if
Because the EU market is so large, it is easy to overlook
All EU governments agree to automatically accept varieties
For example: The EU is the
This is what is done in the EU. For a list of crops, countries
- National seed industry loses partners and markets. harmonization and liberalization to world best practice. and Czech Republic, rank among the top 25 seed exporters. without further testing or decision. quality seed). Seeds and plant propagating material must comply with specific marketing requirements to ensure health and quality. patterns of organization toward market patterns. oldest and best example of countries harmonizing seed regulations to facilitate
as countries continue to move towards private seed industries and competitive
With complete harmonization, although that
Ministers agreed: (i) to accept common certification standards;
decentralized (in the EU, to member governments), so that the centralized seed
will also have opportunities. These include the
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